You could try "Sticky Paws", or, what's less expensive, plain old double-sided tape. Do NOT use the "permanent" tape, however. To cover a larger area, you get the same effect on a larger scale by using laminating paper, taped to the door sticky side out. Cats don't like putting their paws on sticky surfaces.
I had the same exact problem when Oliver lived with my parents... I ended up putting claw caps on his front feet because he was destroying my door - even after we tried every other option... it's a great alternative to declawing and will also save your skin!