Zissou pukes in her litterbox, but my sister's one cat likes to puke up undigested food pretty regularly.
At this point, after it's all soaked in, scrape off as much as you can without mashing it in or making the stain bigger, then blot it up with white paper towel, and then get and old toothbrush and your fantastik/resolve/carpet or fabric stain remover, and scrub that in to just the area of the puke, and then blot that up. Repeat until the stain is gone. Once it's dry, vaccuum the spot.