When were cats truly domesticated?

Anne

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I came across this fascinating article and wanted to share here. Apparently, it could be that cats have been domesticated not once but twice! In two separate historic processes!

http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/01/were-cats-domesticated-more-once

Here's the TL;DR (too long - didn't read) version for you - 

Researchers recently found the remains of eight skeletons of cats in a small village in China. The bones were dated as being 5300 years old, which is about 5000 later than when cats are believed to have been domesticated in Egypt. The location of the bones shows that these cats lived with the humans, within the village. One of the skeletons was found whole, suggesting someone bothered to bury the animal and likely had some sort of a relationship with it.

The occupants of that village were farmers. The cats' bones contained certain minerals which indicate that the cats fed on small rodents, who in their turn, fed on grain. So, what we basically have is proof that these cats - 

1. Lived alongside people.

2. Hunted the rodents that fed on the crops which means the people.

It's fair to assume that there was some sort of domestic relationship going on there (even if the cats weren't actually kept as pets).

At first, researchers thought these cats may have been domesticated cats brought from the Middle East via trade routes. Further analysis shows that they come from an entirely different species of local wild cats. Which means, the Chinese farmers domesticated a local species of cats, in a process that was separate from that which happened in Egypt! 

On a grander scale, this means that as humanity formed agricultural societies, we simply needed to have cats around us! Even if you're gluten-sensitive, you have to admit this puts grain and bread in a new perspective
. After all, it brought cats into our lives! 
 
 

kittens mom

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I don't see cats as being domesticated in the traditional sense. I see them as more acclimated to living with us.
 
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Anne

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I don't see cats as being domesticated in the traditional sense. I see them as more acclimated to living with us.
That's an interesting question in its own right. Granted, cats can go feral and become "wild" and independent but so can horses and dogs (and people tend to think of them as being "more domesticated" than cats). However, clearly there is an inherent difference between domestic cats (ferals or not) and wild cats. Where I live (Israel) we have local wild cats that don't look all that different from the feral cats on the streets. Huge difference in behavior though. You can't raise a wild cat's kitten and expect it to behave like a domestic cat. 

In my opinion, cats are domesticated. They have biologically adapted to living with us and display behavioral signs of neoteny that their wild counterparts don't have. I like to think of it as a spectrum more than a "yes or no" question. I agree that cats are "less domesticated" than dogs but they are more domesticated than some pets, like ferrets or parrots. 
 

kittens mom

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That's an interesting question in its own right. Granted, cats can go feral and become "wild" and independent but so can horses and dogs (and people tend to think of them as being "more domesticated" than cats). However, clearly there is an inherent difference between domestic cats (ferals or not) and wild cats. Where I live (Israel) we have local wild cats that don't look all that different from the feral cats on the streets. Huge difference in behavior though. You can't raise a wild cat's kitten and expect it to behave like a domestic cat. 

In my opinion, cats are domesticated. They have biologically adapted to living with us and display behavioral signs of neoteny that their wild counterparts don't have. I like to think of it as a spectrum more than a "yes or no" question. I agree that cats are "less domesticated" than dogs but they are more domesticated than some pets, like ferrets or parrots. 
The domestic cat , term used to designate it from wild relatives is an interesting paradox. They can be wild for generations and still learn to trust humans to some extent and young animals taken at a young age will be house fluffies. Kitten was from a long line of real feral cats and so is my Mook.

 I believe what happened with cats was more about evolution and survival than the deliberate breeding out of wild traits in canines. Horses that grow up in the wild before being rounded up for the BLM sales are totally different than a horse born in captivity. The foal of a wild horse born in captivity will behave like a domestic horse unless allowed to emulate it's dam. I refused to train any horse off the BLM programs. They need special handling and as a rule only bond to one person.

Is the wild cat you talk about one of the smaller true wild cats ? No they will never be domestic. Just like lions and tigers.
 

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Interesting research. From what I have read, there are multiple theories regarding the time period/place in which cats were domesticated. Probably the most commonly accepted theory being Cypress around 7500 BCE.

Not really surprising that they were domesticated elsewhere - especially (Asian) leopard cats who are very tolerant of humans. In the leopard cat range today there are many who are partially domesticated because people in rural areas encourage them to hang around by leaving food out for them. The presence of leopard cats helps keep the rodent population under control today just as they did in the past. These cats are not "house cats" but a few of them tolerate some petting and may occasionally overnight in a home. As Anne stated - domestication is really more of a spectrum.

Small cats would be desirable to have around even in areas without agriculture. Aside from grain, rodents are attracted to dwellings for other reasons: warmth, dryness and any stored foodstuffs (gathered mushrooms, roots etc.) Cats also prey on snakes, which would be especially helpful if there were small children around. It is plausible that small wild cats would have been encouraged to "be around" in many areas. Further - if someone found a den of small wildcat kittens, they may very well have taken one or two with the hopes of at least partially domesticating them to keep around the home (for all the reasons just stated.) I wonder if there were actually many instances of small wild cat domestication. Given the spottiness of the fossil record and the difficulty of interpreting it this might difficult to prove.

The book Cat Sense by John Bradshaw details a lot of what is currently known about small cats and how it relates to our domesticated pet cats.
 
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