Grains and a balanced diet

anariel

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***   MOD NOTE - This post and some subsequent posts were split off from another thread

What a lot of you guys do not understand is that grains are not inherently allergenic, nor are they "bad" for animals. Animals need a BALANCED diet of proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, fats, fiber and sugars in order to be healthy. As a vet tech with a struvite crystal kitty, I can tell you that about 75% of cats who develop UTI's and crystals are caused by stress AND too much protein. What a lot of food manufacturing companies do is go off of what YOU (the HUMAN) think is appetizing for YOURSELF, not what is actually good for you ANIMAL. I have been a technician for 10 years and I have never seen so many animals coming down with SPLEENIC TUMORS, KIDNEY FAILURE and UTI/CRYSTALS in my career, though it's becoming more and more common due to owners wanting to switch their animals over to RAW diets, GRAIN FREE diets, and "High quality" PROTEIN FILLED diets. Did you know that meat "meal" is actually concentrated proteins? And that "real" meat is only about 25% actual protein, the rest is water, fat and bone. So when you decline a food based on the fact that there is chicken meal in it, you are telling your cat that you do not want them to have concentrated proteins, but only a small portion of that protein in their diet - therefore you actually have to feed them more than they should be getting in order to get them the appropriate amount of protein for their diet - meaning you are overfeeding them and they are gaining weight and eating too much fat. Chicken meal is "real" chicken with the water and bone removed so that the animal is only getting the protein from the meat and not all of the extras! Did you know that "by-products" are REAL MEAT sources?? They have to be labeled "by-products" because they are not ideal cuts of meat for human consumption - which would be the Heart, Lungs, and Liver of animals. If you know anything about scavenging animals (meaning dogs + cats) - those are great meals for them, they enjoy them and they are actually filled with MORE nutrients than the cuts that us humans like. But, since humans are the ones who make the labels and who choose the cuts, WE label them "by-products" because WE don't eat them. So by feeding your animal a protein meal and by-product free diet, you are not actually feeding them the best diet that you could be. For those of you who feed RAW diets, all you are feeding your animal is the "real meat" proteins, but you are not meeting their vitamin and mineral requirements. You are not only giving them the best chance of developing nutritional deficiencies, but also to KIDNEY FAILURE, PANCREATITIS, INTESTINAL PARASITES - (due to the consumption of raw meat which holds parasites like salmonella, e. coli, TOXOPLAMSA GONDII (AKA Toxoplasmosis)). All of these parasites are zoonotic (meaning you can, and likely will, get them from your cat. Did you know that you can actually harm your pet's digestive and urinary systems, as well as their growth and overall life expectancy by not feeding them a balanced diet? I beg you to do some good research on the foods that you choose to feed your cat, or any of your animals, before you decide what to feed them. Talk to your Veterinary Technician to decide what options you have for your cat, especially if they are in need of a special diet. It is best to keep your pet on a URINARY SPECIFIC DIET if they have a history of UTI, crystals or kidney failure as it is specifically formulated to make sure that they receive a BALANCED diet with specific nutrient values to ensure that you are doing your best to keep the problem from happening again. 

Believe me, as a pet owner I completely understand the price point that many of you are unhappy with. In treating my own little guy I have spent well over $400 in tests and antibiotics!! And we are still trying to get his infection under control. I have been in your shoes and I know exactly how hard it is to come up with the money to diagnose and treat the problem, not to mention the extra funding required to not only change their diet but to maintain their health. I have a miniature poodle (14 years) who is on a prescription diet and daily medications (costs me approximately $70-$80 a month), and now my cat (3 years) is going through his FLUTD w/ struvites. It's not cheap! And it is most definitely not easy to navigate all of the misinformation out there. I have been through hundreds of hours of nutritional education (from Purina, Hills, Royal Canin, and brick + mortar vet tech school and continuing education classed put on by non-affiliated veterinarians) and I can tell you that there are options that you can use. I cannot tell you exactly what to do for your pet because I don't know it's history and every case and every animal is different. If you don't like the Urinary SO diet, you can try Purina UR, Hills Prescription Diet S/D or C/D. There are over-the-counter commercially available urinary support diets that you can transition them too - but please make sure that the crystals and infections are gone before moving them to these foods as they do not help dissolve crystals like the prescription diets do.

The best thing you can do for your cat is to be OPEN and HONEST with your veterinary team. Voice your concerns, get the information and explore ALL of your options before making a decision. If you have research, please bring it into your clinic - we actually do like to know what you've found and that you are taking an active role in your pet's health and treatments. If you have concerns, do not be afraid to call in or stop by your veterinarian's office to discuss them. THIS IS WHAT TECH'S ARE HERE FOR! We are here to help you help your pets! We have access to studies and information that is sometimes not widely available, we can put you in contact with the people who develop these diets and we can help you understand your specific pets' needs and work up a treatment plan that works for you AND them!
 
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tiho

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I think what most of us are leery about by-products is that some brands use feet, feathers & stuff cats usually leave when they eat birds etc. Any grains they eat are grains the birds/mice have already Some brands do use intestines,liver,heart etc as by-products.
If a cat has no history of urinary problems, I don't see the harm in dry foods that goid quality, like Orijen for example. Hydration for me is the main priority along with healthy ingredients- low carbohydrates etc.
My cat Bibby refuses all brands & flavours of wet food except whiskas tuna which I don't feed as often now. She accepts some fresh cooked chicken & giblets (no bones), fresh cooked fish, whiskas cat milk, a bit of cheese for a treat & that's it. As I said hydration is my main priority now. She is 'revolted' by raw food.

@Anariel, that is an interesting article you wrote.
 

autumnrose74

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@Anariel, that is an interesting article you wrote.
Yes, I wonder what Drs. Lisa Pierson, Jean Hofve and Karen Becker would say about it. Especially the part where she tries to blame the increase in kidney problems and UTI on switching to raw, grain-free diets.
 
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ldg

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A anariel Thank you for the lecture, but quite a bit of what you shared is misinformation. :(


What a lot of you guys do not understand is that grains are not inherently allergenic, nor are they "bad" for animals. Animals need a BALANCED diet of proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, fats, fiber and sugars in order to be healthy.
Cats are most certainly "animals." That said, cats are obligate carnivores, and we know quite a bit about their needs and diet. When they do not have access to human garbage, they naturally consume a diet that is composed 100% of prey animals. Not corn, not vegetables, not grasses. Even eating the stomach and intestines of prey results in a carb content (NFE) of just 2.8% on a dry matter basis (and 2% on an energy basis). For cats, from a macronutrient perspective, their diet is 62.7% protein, 22.8% fat, 11.8% ash and, as already pointed out, just 2.8% "carbs." (Dry matter basis)

Reference: Plantinga et al. 2011. Estimation of the dietary nutrient profile of free-roaming feral cats: possible implications for nutrition of domestic cats, British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 106 / Supplement S1 / October 2011, pp S35-S48. (Full Report Available for free).


From page S42:

the cat’s metabolism has adapted to a carnivorous lifestyle with many of the known adaptations relating to the protein, carbohydrate and vitamin component of the diet. Almost all the metabolic adaptations related to the carbohydrate component of the diet indicate the lack of this nutrient in the evolutionary diet. It could be argued that the shift from an obligatory meat-based natural diet to a meat-based and grain-based pet food rich in carbohydrates may place the cat’s metabolism under stress, and might have unwanted negative health effects in the long run. Although dietary carbohydrate intake could not directly be determined in the present study, the NFE content was calculated. The fraction consists of components such as sugars, starches, mono and disaccharides, but also water-soluble vitamins. Animal tissue itself contains small amounts of glucose, glycogen, glycoproteins, glycolipid and pentose but does not contain starch. However, when consuming whole prey, the digesta of prey items may contain some starch. These carbohydrate sources may be the reason why cats have retained a limited ability to digest starch. ...Based on the above calculations, it can be concluded that the NFE content reported in the present study contains little starch and as such is composed of other fibrous material. Twenty-one of the twenty-seven studies reported small amounts of plant material being found in the scats, stomach and gut content of feral cats. Molsher et al.(59) reported that cats frequently consume vegetation (FO of 26·3 %) consisting mostly of a few strands of grass. The authors concluded, however, that plant material is a minor component of the diet of feral cats, as ingestion is likely to occur incidentally while foraging for invertebrates.
(Emphasis added)

So no. Cats do not need additional carbs, sugar or fiber in their diet. People and dogs have multiple different pathways for carbohydrate metabolism. Cats have one. (Dr. Elizabeth Hodgkins, "Your Cat, Simple new secrets to a longer, stronger life," p. 6.

And a protein content of around 63% (dry matter basis) isn't a diet that is high in protein. It is a diet that has an appropriate protein content for a cat.

African Wildcats, that are genetically identical to our domestic cats, have an average lifespan, in the wild, of 15 years. So they're not dying off from kidney disease, FLUTD, or spleenic tumors due to eating a "high protein" diet.

:dk:



Anariel said:
As a vet tech with a struvite crystal kitty, I can tell you that about 75% of cats who develop UTI's and crystals are caused by stress AND too much protein.

Again, I'm sorry. But if the problem is oxalates, see the information link in my earlier post. The primary problem is concentrated urine. That arises from chronic dehydration. According to the Nutrition Research Council's "Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats", (on which AAFCO nutrient requirements are based), a cat can maintain a hydrated state as long as the moisture level of the food meets or exceeds 63%, as fed. So that chicken that is 75% water is essential for cats, and that kibble made of chicken protein meal, at 10% moisture (on average), literally robs the cat of water to process and digest the food - unless, that is, kitty drinks at least 4 ounces of water daily to maintain a minimum state of hydration. The link between mild chronic dehydration and kidney failure is well-known, which is why kibble has been linked to kidney failure. Here's info on contributors to kidney failure: http://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/kidneysnottowork.cfm

If the problem is struvite crystals/stones, the number one contributing problem is urine pH. And carbs and stress both result in increased urine pH. The full research piece is available for free, though you do have to register at the site to read it. Palma D et al. 2009. Feline Struvite Urolithiasis, Compendium 31(12) December 2009.


Urinary pH is the most important factor in determining the SAP. Acidification of urine causes deprotonation of phosphates and increases the total proportion of urine phosphate existing as trivalent anions, reducing the SAP.6 Urinary pH and SAP have been reduced with both dietary modification and administration of urinary acidifiers.7 The solubility of struvite is maximized when the urinary pH is
 

goholistic

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What a lot of you guys do not understand is that grains are not inherently allergenic, nor are they "bad" for animals.
I noticed "animals" and "pets" are used very generically throughout your post. Cats are much different physiologically and have unique nutritional needs.
 
What a lot of food manufacturing companies do is go off of what YOU (the HUMAN) think is appetizing for YOURSELF, not what is actually good for you ANIMAL.
This also applies to the prescription diets you so highly praise. Dry diets, especially, were made for humans. They are convenient and easy; pour and go. There is nothing about a prescription dry diet that is natural, wholesome, or healthy for a cat. It is highly processed and dehydrating. As for the canned prescription diets, some are just okay. But I also see nothing natural and wholesome in powdered cellulose, corn, corn gluten meal, corn starch, corn flour, dextrose, guar gum, caramel color, or carrageenan, which are all present in one or more of the brands you recommended.
Did you know that "by-products" are REAL MEAT sources?? They have to be labeled "by-products" because they are not ideal cuts of meat for human consumption - which would be the Heart, Lungs, and Liver of animals. If you know anything about scavenging animals (meaning dogs + cats) - those are great meals for them, they enjoy them and they are actually filled with MORE nutrients than the cuts that us humans like. But, since humans are the ones who make the labels and who choose the cuts, WE label them "by-products" because WE don't eat them. So by feeding your animal a protein meal and by-product free diet, you are not actually feeding them the best diet that you could be.
No one is arguing with pet food labeling laws. The problem is, this ingredient is a catch-all ingredient (combination of internal organs, heads, feet, etc.) without giving the consumer any guarantee to quality of those internal organs. There is a lack of sufficient regulation and inspection of rendering facilities, and considered low priority for the FDA.
Did you know that you can actually harm your pet's digestive and urinary systems, as well as their growth and overall life expectancy by not feeding them a balanced diet?
Well-educated raw feeders balance their cat's diet VERY well...probably better than any commercial food. And they include nutritious muscle meat and secreting organs as part of the balanced diet.
Believe me, as a pet owner I completely understand the price point that many of you are unhappy with. In treating my own little guy I have spent well over $400 in tests and antibiotics!! And we are still trying to get his infection under control. I have been in your shoes and I know exactly how hard it is to come up with the money to diagnose and treat the problem, not to mention the extra funding required to not only change their diet but to maintain their health. I have a miniature poodle (14 years) who is on a prescription diet and daily medications (costs me approximately $70-$80 a month), and now my cat (3 years) is going through his FLUTD w/ struvites. It's not cheap! And it is most definitely not easy to navigate all of the misinformation out there.
So you've been a vet tech for 10 years and swear by the benefits of prescription diets, but yet you have a dog and a cat with problems that continue. This tells me that what are you doing is not working. 

I have been through hundreds of hours of nutritional education (from Purina, Hills, Royal Canin, and brick + mortar vet tech school and continuing education classed put on by non-affiliated veterinarians) and I can tell you that there are options that you can use. I cannot tell you exactly what to do for your pet because I don't know it's history and every case and every animal is different. If you don't like the Urinary SO diet, you can try Purina UR, Hills Prescription Diet S/D or C/D. There are over-the-counter commercially available urinary support diets that you can transition them too - but please make sure that the crystals and infections are gone before moving them to these foods as they do not help dissolve crystals like the prescription diets do.
Now it all makes sense! Of course you vouch for these companies. If you've had hours of "nutritional education" from them, then they are going to tell you how miraculous they are. Was a company like Nature's Variety or Primal or Bravo there also to educate everyone on the benefits of a raw diet? Likely not. Veterinary schools are highly funded by companies like Hill's and Royal Canin.

I started a list of links that prove their involvement in vet schools, but it got really long. I'll contemplate starting a new thread with the information.
 
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peaches08

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@Anariel Meat is part bone? 

My vet is happy that I feed raw.  He asked me if I would mind letting other members of his team (the vet techs and another vet) see my cats.  I said sure.  He went and got the other employees, and as they entered the room said, "Come look at what raw diet does for cats!"  They oooh'ed and aaah'ed over them, amazed at their incredibly plush coats, sparkling clear eyes, and Hollywood smiles.  He did ask me if I supplemented taurine, and I went on to explain that I followed the www.catinfo.org recipe and he was satisfied.  He told me to keep doing what I'm doing and that my cats are an example of ideal cat health.

With regards to by-products...fine dining is full of it of by-products as either starters or even the main course.  Ris de veau, anyone?
 

jodiethierry64

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Also there is nothing in a "prescription food" that makes it even qualify as a true prescription.
It's just a scam. The food company agrees to only supply the vets with certain food with certain ingredients so the consumer can only purchase it at a vets clinic. That way the vet can jack up the price to make a profit.
There's no legal reason it can't be sold over the counter!!!
 

marc999

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Hills, Royal Canin et. all can go fly a kite.   

Every single Vet. office I've walked into, in my city (over 6 so far) have Hill's in one corner, and Royal Canin in the other.  The food content/quality vs. price is astounding.  It's no wonder they do well and are quite versed in the art of persuasion. 
 

jodiethierry64

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Hills, Royal Canin et. all can go fly a kite.   
Every single Vet. office I've walked into, in my city (over 6 so far) have Hill's in one corner, and Royal Canin in the other.  The food content/quality vs. price is astounding.  It's no wonder they do well and are quite versed in the art of persuasion. 
AMEN to that!!
 

goholistic

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Also there is nothing in a "prescription food" that makes it even qualify as a true prescription.
It's just a scam. The food company agrees to only supply the vets with certain food with certain ingredients so the consumer can only purchase it at a vets clinic. That way the vet can jack up the price to make a profit.
There's no legal reason it can't be sold over the counter!!!
I think the only thing I get hung up on is that prescription foods are allowed to have values below AAFCO's guidelines to manage specific diseases. Maybe that's why they are considered prescription?  
  It's not so much the ingredients as it is the nutrient analysis? Take phosphorus, for example. According to felinecrf.org:
Ideally you want to feed a food with a phosphorus level under 0.5% according to Dr Scott Brown in Management of feline chronic renal failure (1998) Waltham Focus 8 (3). No commercial adult food which meets AAFCO guidelines will meet this requirement because the minimum phosphorus level required by AAFCO is 0.5%.

If your cat won't eat the prescription foods, you still need your cat to eat. Since the minimum level of phosphorus in a non-prescription food is 0.5%, you are not going to find a complete commercial food with phosphorus below 0.5% like most prescription foods, but you may be able to find a food in the table which has a low level of phosphorus which your cat will eat. The table lists foods in order of phosphorus content so you can clearly see which foods might be worth considering.
So while I agree that the ingredients are not good, what do you do when you need to feed your kitty in renal failure the lowest phosphorus food available? (I'm really asking.)

ETA: I just realized that my comment/question about phosphorus is sort of off topic, so you may disregard if you want.
 
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peaches08

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I think the only thing I get hung up on is that prescription foods are allowed to have values below AAFCO's guidelines to manage specific diseases. Maybe that's why they are considered prescription?  
  It's not so much the ingredients as it is the nutrient analysis? Take phosphorus, for example. According to felinecrf.org:

So while I agree that the ingredients are not good, what do you do when you need to feed your kitty in renal failure the lowest phosphorus food available? (I'm really asking.)

ETA: I just realized that my comment/question about phosphorus is sort of off topic, so you may disregard if you want.
Actually, it's a good question, although slightly off topic.  When I fed a CRF cat, I used phosphorus binders.  But even that wasn't enough.

To get back on topic, I can appreciate that for some owners, the script diets may be the best answer.  If they aren't going to use certain supplements to change the pH (or the cat refuses) and this food will help, by all means use this food.  It beats blockages!
 

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I think the only thing I get hung up on is that prescription foods are allowed to have values below AAFCO's guidelines to manage specific diseases. Maybe that's why they are considered prescription?  :dk:   It's not so much the ingredients as it is the nutrient analysis? Take phosphorus, for example. According to felinecrf.org:


So while I agree that the ingredients are not good, what do you do when you need to feed your kitty in renal failure the lowest phosphorus food available? (I'm really asking.)

ETA: I just realized that my comment/question about phosphorus is sort of off topic, so you may disregard if you want.
I don't feed my monsters(Ha-Ha) a raw diet but if one had C.R.F. I sure would try that before the junk the vet sells. Now I personally understand that if that's not an option I would have no choice.
They could sell special needs food at the pet store as long as it was listed as special needs. Shoot they sell antibiotics and vaccines at the feed stores.
 

autumnrose74

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@Anariel Meat is part bone? 

My vet is happy that I feed raw.  He asked me if I would mind letting other members of his team (the vet techs and another vet) see my cats.   I said sure.  He went and got the other employees, and as they entered the room said, "Come look at what raw diet does for cats!"  They oooh'ed and aaah'ed over them, amazed at their incredibly plush coats, sparkling clear eyes, and Hollywood smiles.  He did ask me if I supplemented taurine, and I went on to explain that I followed the www.catinfo.org recipe and he was satisfied.  He told me to keep doing what I'm doing and that my cats are an example of ideal cat health.

With regards to by-products...fine dining is full of it of by-products as either starters or even the main course.  Ris de veau, anyone?
Wow! It would be so nice if every "conventional" vet out there showed as much respect to the benefits of raw feeding as yours does. I would love to see the "Hill's School of Feline Nutrition" put out of business and for every vet to be completely educated in feline biology and, thus, the proper nutrition they need. All vets should know that info, not just the holistic/integrative/homeopathic vets.

Whoever your vet is, I salute him!!!! )
 
 
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This is The Rogue (ok, it was him before he porked up to 19 lbs). He cannot - CANNOT - have conventional cat food. He'll get explosive diarrhea, his butt will swell like a baboon's and he'll be in pain.

He quite happily snarfs down whole mice, rats, guinea pigs, other raw meaty parts (did not like frog legs).

He produces the classic raw-fed non-smelling poop.

He also likes to destroy cardboard boxes and clothes hung up to dry.

I seriously believe he wouldn't have survived long without me venturing into raw feeding.
 

roguethecat

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also, if you use common sense and look at a thought experiment
:

imagine cats (and the pet food industry
) went extinct.

You find a skeleton (of a cat. not the pet food industry) and think about what it might have eaten.

Look at the teeth: hmm, for ripping apart apples? oranges? cardboard? Can the jaw move to chew cud? Suitable for grazing?

Then you look at any surviving relatives, like lions, who are basically built the same, and think about what they eat.

Sure you don't come up with cornmeal coated in rancid canola oil, boiled and dehydrated and sprinkled with the cheapest Chinese supplements on the market.

This even made sense to my dear Mom! (not to my dear neighbors, alas).
 

jodiethierry64

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This is The Rogue (ok, it was him before he porked up to 19 lbs). He cannot - CANNOT - have conventional cat food. He'll get explosive diarrhea, his butt will swell like a baboon's and he'll be in pain.
He quite happily snarfs down whole mice, rats, guinea pigs, other raw meaty parts (did not like frog legs).
He produces the classic raw-fed non-smelling poop.
He also likes to destroy cardboard boxes and clothes hung up to dry.

I seriously believe he wouldn't have survived long without me venturing into raw feeding.
I couldn't feed my babies guinea pigs! I've had them as pets. Ha-Ha
I also have a bunny so I can't feed rabbit!!!
I Love the fact your big guy is all cat!!!!
 

denice

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The vet that I had, she bought her own practice in another state, at a cats only clinic was converting to homemade diets before she left.  She never did push the prescription foods except the A/D for kitties on feeding tubes.  She liked the idea of cooked meat better than the raw.  I don't think that was because she was against raw feeding it was more about her not being able to control how people handled raw meat and their sources.  She thought by favoring the cooked over raw it would be safer because of people errors.
 

ldg

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The vet that I had, she bought her own practice in another state, at a cats only clinic was converting to homemade diets before she left.  She never did push the prescription foods except the A/D for kitties on feeding tubes.  She liked the idea of cooked meat better than the raw.  I don't think that was because she was against raw feeding it was more about her not being able to control how people handled raw meat and their sources.  She thought by favoring the cooked over raw it would be safer because of people errors.
Yes, I think many vets that quietly support raw shy away from it in any "official" way because of exactly that potential problem / liability.
 
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